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Network requirements | RingCentral MVP

Table of contents

1. Introduction

The purpose of this document is to provide enterprises with network requirements for firewall and web proxy configuration to ensure that cloud-based Message Video Phone (MVP) unified communication services operate correctly.

2. IP supernets

The supernets (concatenated subnets) in Table 2.1 are advertised by the RingCentral cloud using the BGP routing protocol to support unified communication services over the Internet. These networks can be used to connect to the RingCentral cloud over the Internet.
Table 2.1 -  Advertised IP Supernets

66.81.240.0/20

80.81.128.0/20

103.44.68.0/22

104.245.56.0/21

185.23.248.0/22

192.209.24.0/21

199.68.212.0/22

199.255.120.0/22

208.87.40.0/22

For enterprises with direct connections to RingCentral’s network (CloudConnect), additional requirements apply and RingCentral must be consulted for proper network configuration.
 
To ensure the proper operation of MVP services, the supernets must be accepted by the enterprise network at all locations where unified communication services are used.
 
These supernets must be used in the enterprise network to:
  • Configure firewall rules for signaling and media ports.
  • Configure DSCP markings in IP packet headers according to the Quality of service guidelines.
  • Selectively disable Layer 7 device functions such as Deep Packet Inspection for UDP traffic to/from unified communication cloud.

3. Whitelisting of domains, IP addresses, and ports

To allow the devices and applications to access supporting cloud services, domain names, IP addresses, and associated destination ports that are indicated in the following tables may need to be whitelisted in enterprise firewalls or web proxies. The destination port column indicates the port(s) on the RingCentral cloud unified communication system.
 
If you are having issues receiving emails and notifications, check that these email addresses have been whitelisted.

3.1 Common cloud services

Table 3.1 summarizes the domains and ports used for Common Cloud Services, which may need to be whitelisted:
  1. Only the actual set of services that are used must be whitelisted. For example, if the Live Reports Portal is not used, the live.ringcentral.com domain does not need to be whitelisted.
  2. The RingCentral Website, Administrator/User Account Portal, API Discovery Service, and Service Portal Domain must always be whitelisted to allow administrators and users to access general information and RingCentral services.
  3. The RingCentral Company Website provides general information about RingCentral and products and does not require login.
  4. The Administrator/User Account Portal is used to authenticate administrators and users to access any of the underlying communication and administration services, including MVP and Ringcentral Video (RCV).
  5. The API Discovery Service is used for client applications to dynamically discover their correct .com and .biz API domains before the user logs in. The Discovery Service points to the Login Process service. After the Administrator/User is authenticated by the Login Service, the Discovery Service is used again to determine the appropriate API domain based on the configured account data.
  6. Service Web Portal provides access to administration and unified communication services after authentication has been completed via the Administrator/User Account Portal.
  7. The Analytics Login Portal provides Account Administrators insights into the RingCentral MVP system with actionable data. The corresponding domains only need to be whitelisted if this functionality is used.
  8. The Live Report Portal gives access to an add-on service and can be used with RingCentral call queues to create a basic call center based on the MVP system.
  9. Analytics and Live Reports Portals may be country-specific to comply with data-locality requirements.
Table 3.1 - Common Cloud Services

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Company Website

HTTPS

www.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Service Status Portal

HTTPS

status.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Accounts Management Portal

HTTPS

accounts.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Administrator/User Account Portal

HTTPS

login.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

API Discovery Service

HTTPS

discovery.ringcentral.biz

TCP\443

Service Web Portal

HTTPS

service.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Analytics Portal

HTTPS

analytics.ringcentral.com

35.190.70.192

TCP\443

Analytics Portal - Canada

HTTPS

analytics.ringcentral.ca

34.102.174.25

TCP\443

Live Reports Portal

HTTPS

live.ringcentral.com

35.190.70.192

TCP\443

Live Reports Portal - Canada

HTTPS

live.ringcentral.ca

35.201.103.66

TCP\443

3.2 Endpoints

This section provides the endpoint-specific tables for the domain names, supernets, and a range of cloud destination ports for various types of communication services traffic, including media, signaling, and registration traffic.
 
All sessions are initiated from an endpoint to the RingCentral cloud-based communication services. The RingCentral cloud does not initiate any session toward the customer endpoints.
 
The endpoint tables must be used as follows for firewall and web proxy configuration:
  1. The endpoint tables specify the use of domain names, supernets, and a range of cloud destination ports for various purposes, including media, signaling, and registration traffic. Source ports are not specified since the port range is operating system dependent, and ports are dynamically selected.
  2. The tables provide modular sets of requirements for firewall control to support different mixes of RingCentral endpoint deployments. The tables do not necessarily match 1-1 with RingCentral product definition since, e.g., RingCentral Video can be used as a stand-alone product and with RingCentral MVP. Therefore, a separate table is specified for RingCentral Video Mobile, desktop, and Web, which factors out the specific firewall requirements for video service.
  3. The tables for a) RingCentral Video Mobile, Desktop, and Web, b) RingCentral Video Rooms, and RingCentral Video with Rooms Connector are specified in separate tables because a) may be deployed independently of b) and c).
  4. For firewall configuration, only the tables for the set of endpoint types that are deployed need to be considered.
  5. Table rows indicating Signaling/Media (without the Secured modifier) can be ignored when RingCentral has administratively configured the customer account for ‘secured signaling and media.
  6. According to QoS traffic prioritization, the port table rows are generally organized from top to bottom, with media requiring the highest priority and supporting data service traffic at the lowest priority.
  7. Different endpoint tables may contain the same domain names or port ranges. This is necessary because some port ranges may be shared among hard or soft endpoints. In addition such multiplicities are needed to ensure that each endpoint can be deployed independent of other endpoints types. If multiple endpoints are deployed which require the same domain to be whitelisted or a set of ports to be opened, then only one whitelisting or access rule instance needs to be configured in the firewall.
  8. For a given voice or video call, a stateful firewall will open only a small subset of the IP addresses and ports. Other IP addresses and ports may not be opened on the firewall unless involved in other calls from the same site or for business applications.

  9. The RingCentral MVP Mobile App may be used on a mobile operator network or a WiFi network. On a mobile operator network, firewall configuration is irrelevant when traffic only traverses the Internet to RingCentral communication services. Table 3.2.1 must be taken into account for firewall configuration when MVP Mobile Application is used on an enterprise WiFi network.
  10. In networks where a firewall and Web proxy server are deployed, the table rows indicating “IP Supernets” must be used to configure the firewall. The remaining table rows pertain to web traffic and must be configured in the Web Proxy server.

3.2.1 RingCentral MVP mobile, desktop, and web

Table 3.2.1 - RingCentral MVP Mobile, Desktop, and Web Application

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Media and Media Secured

RTP/SRTP

IP Supernets

UDP\20000-64999

Signaling and Signaling Secured

SIP and
SIP/WSS/TLS

IP Supernets

Desktop: TCP\8083 (secured)

Web: TCP\443 (secured)

Mobile (IPv4):
TCP\5091 (clear text). TCP\5097 (secure)

TCP\8085 (WSS)

Mobile (IPv6):
TCP\5093 (clear text). TCP\5094 (secure)

TCP\8085 (WSS)

IOVATION SDK for 2-Factor Login

HTTPS

mpsnare.iesnare.com

TCP\443

File Upload and Download

HTTPS

*.s3-accelerate.amazonaws.com

TCP\443

Application API Service

HTTPS

*.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Messaging API Service

HTTPS

*.glip.com

mvp.ringcentral.com

dl.mvp.ringcentral.com

 

mvp.ringcentral.com dl.mvp.ringcentral.com


TCP\443

Presence Status, Call Log Notifications, and Voicemail Notifications

HTTPS

ringcentral.pubnubapi.com

TCP\443

Android Application Push Notifications

HTTPS

mtalk.google.com

TCP\443, 5228, 5229, 5230

iOS Application Push Notifications

HTTPS

api.push.apple.com

TCP\443, 2197, 5223

Messaging Content Support

HTTPS

api.giphy.com

media0.giphy.com

media1.giphy.com

media2.giphy.com

media3.giphy.com

media4.giphy.com

TCP\443

Software and Provisioning Updates

HTTPS

*.cloudfront.net

TCP\443

Firewall Access Control for Voice

STUN/TURN

*.ringcentral.com

Web: UDP\19302

RingCentral Video Mobile, Desktop, and Web Application

Add Table 3.2.2

3.2.2 RingCentral Video mobile, desktop, and web

In the following table:
  1. The Connect Platform API is used by RCV video for user authentication and communication session control.
  2. The Statistics Collector publishes detailed statistics about calls. The analytics portal (Table 1) makes use of a subset of the data extracted from the Statistics Collector.
  3. The RCV Web Client Application does not need to be whitelisted if only the Desktop and Mobile version of the RCV App are used. 
  4. The Network Connectivity Test Application should be whitelisted to allow RCV Application users to test network connections.
Table 3.2.2 - RingCentral Video mobile, desktop, and web application

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Media Secured

SRTP

*.v.ringcentral.com

or IP Supernets

UDP\10000-19999

(default)

TCP\443  (when UDP is not available - should not be used routinely as it adversely impacts quality)

Signaling Secured

HTTPS/WSS/TLS

*.ringcentral.com
or IP Supernets

TCP\443

RCV Web Client Application

HTTPS

v.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Parser Configuration for Meeting Link Verification for the Mobile phones

HTTPS

media.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Connect Platform API

HTTPS

api-meet.ringcentral.com

api.ringcentral.com 

api-mucc.ringcentral.com (mobile device)

TCP\443

Statistics Collector

HTTPS

edr.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Presence Status, Call Log Notifications, and Voicemail Notifications

HTTPS

ringcentral.pubnubapi.com

TCP\443

Application Configuration

HTTPS

downloads.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Application Download and Update

HTTPS

app.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Network Connectivity Test Application - Part of RCV

HTTPS

rcv.testrtc.com
which uses:

api.nettest.testrtc.com

kong.testrtc.com

*.turn.testrtc.com

*.speed.testrtc.com

TCP\443

UDP\443

3.2.3 RingCentral Video Rooms

Table 3.2.3 - RingCentral Video Rooms

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Media Secured

SRTP

IP Supernets

UDP\10000-19999 (default)

SRTP

IP Supernets

TCP\443 (if UDP is not available - should not be used routinely as it adversely impacts quality)

Signaling Secured

HTTPS

IP Supernets

TCP\443

SIP Registration Service

HTTPS/TLS

*.ringcentral.com

TCP\8085-8090

Rooms Host Device

HTTPS

Internal enterprise assigned private IP address (no WAN firewall traversal)

TCP\9520-9530

Login Portal

HTTPS

v.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Notifications

HTTPS

ringcentral.pubnubapi.com

TCP\443

Software and Provisioning Updates

HTTPS

*.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

3.2.4 RingCentral Video with Room Connector

Table 3.2.4 - RingCentral Video with Room Connector  

Purpose*

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

 

 

Media

RTP/SRTP

IP Supernets

UDP\10000-19999

 

Signaling

SIP

sip.rcv.com

ws.rcv.com

es.rcv.com

UDP\5060 or

TCP\5060

 

Signaling Secured

SIP/TLS

sip.rcv.com

ws.rcv.com

es.rcv.com

TCP\5061

* Secured versus unsecured connectivity is controlled by the customer video device settings

3.2.5 RingCentral desk, conference, and cordless phone

  1. Some 3rd party devices, such as the Polycom / Poly IP7000 speakerphone, do not support signaling or media encryption. They should be avoided in a deployment requiring complete security.
  2. No separate ports are specified for Busy Lamp Appearance (BLA) since it uses the signaling ports and standard SIP NOTIFY packets.
Table 3.2.5 -  RingCentral desk, conference and cordless phone

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Media and Media Secured

RTP/SRTP

IP Supernets

UDP\20000-64999

Signaling

SIP

IP Supernets

TCP\5090, TCP\5099**

UDP\5090, UDP\5099**

Signaling Secured

SIP/TLS

IP Supernets

TCP\5096, TCP\5098**

Network Time Service

NTP

IP Supernets

UDP\123

Polycom/Poly Desk Phones and Conference Phones

HTTPS

Provisioning:

pp.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

HTTPS

Firmware Update:

pp.s3.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Cisco Desk Phones Provisioning and Firmware Update

HTTPS

cp.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Yealink Desk Phones
Provisioning and Firmware Update

HTTPS

yp.ringcentral.com

rps.yealink.com

TCP\443

**Ports 5098 and 5099 only need to be opened for Busy Lamp Appearance when line sharing is used.

3.2.6 RingCentral desktop softphone

Table 3.2.6 - RingCentral desktop softphone

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Media and Media Secured

RTP/SRTP

IP Supernets

UDP\20000-64999

Signaling

SIP

IP Supernets

TCP\5091

Signaling Secured

SIP/TLS

IP Supernets

TCP\5097

Presence Status, Call Log Notifications, and Voicemail Notifications

HTTPS

*.pubnub.com

*.pubnub.net

*.pndsn.com

ringcentral.pubnubapi.com (for newer endpoint versions)

TCP\443

Software and Provisioning Updates

HTTP/HTTPS

*.ringcentral.com

TCP\80

TCP\443

Platform API for user Authentication and Call Features

HTTPS

api-sp.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Platform API for Media Service

(for transferring media files: voice recordings, faxes, transcriptions, profile and contact information)

HTTPS

media.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Google Services (Contacts and Calendar)

HTTPS

accounts.google.com

www.google.com

www.googleapis.com

TCP\443

3.2.7 RingCentral mobile softphone

Table 3.2.7 applies to the Mobile Phone Application when used on a WiFi network.
Table 3.2.7 - RingCentral mobile softphone

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Media

RTP/SRTP

IP Supernets

UDP\20000-64999

Signaling

SIP

IP Supernets

TCP\5091

UDP\5091

Signaling Secured

SIP/WSS/TLS

IP Supernets

TCP\5097
TCP\443

Signaling (IPv6 client)

SIP/WSS/TLS

IP Supernets

TCP\5090-5098
TCP\443

SIP Registration Service

HTTPS

*.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Application  Presence Status, Call Log Notifications, and Voicemail Notifications - Used in Android, not in iOS

HTTPS

*.pubnub.com

*.pubnub.net

*.pndsn.com

V19.4.20 or higher: ringcentral.pubnubapi.com

TCP\443

Data Sync with RingCentral backend

(e.g., call log info, presence, and voicemails)

HTTPS

api-mob.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Soft Clients Software and Provisioning Updates

HTTPS

*.cloudfront.net

TCP\443

3.2.8 RingCentral Meetings desktop

Table 3.2.8 - RingCentral Meetings - Desktop and Web Client

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Media

RTP

IP Supernets

UDP\8801-8802

TCP\8801-8802

Media Secured and Signaling Secured

HTTPS/TLS

IP Supernets

UDP\443

TCP\443

Access Control

STUN/TURN

 

UDP\3478

TCP\3478  UDP\3479

TCP\3479

Login Portal

HTTPS

meetings.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Login Portal

HTTPS

webinar.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Media Servers

HTTPS

*.zoom.us

*.meetzoom.us

34.196.189.103

TCP\443

3.2.9 RingCentral Meetings with Room Connector

Table 3.2.9 - RingCentral Meetings with Room Connector (H.323 and SIP)

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Media

RTP/SRTP

IP Supernets

UDP\9000-10000

Signaling

SIP

IP Supernets

UDP\3000-4000

UDP\5060

TCP\3000-4000

TCP\5060

Signaling

H.323

IP Supernets

TCP\1720

Signaling Secured

SIP/TLS

IP Supernets

TCP\5061

Streaming

   

UDP\8801-8803

TCP\8801-8803

Authentication and Software Update

TLS

*.zoom.us

TCP\80, TCP\443

3.3 RingCentral archiver

The RingCentral Archiver is a cloud-side integration to allow administrators to copy call content, including recordings, voicemail, fax, and SMS to a long-term enterprise-owned repository. The Archiver can be used to ensure that call data is retained over a long period of time and to meet data residency and regulatory retention requirements.
Table 3.3.1 - RingCentral Archiver

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Content Archiving 

HTTPS

For Box, Dropbox, Google Drive, and Smarsh archiving systems

TCP\443
(does not traverse enterprise network)

SFTP

For archiving to an enterprise SFTP server, the following SFTP client IP addresses must be whitelisted:

34.225.218.68

34.226.29.169

34.234.210.244

34.236.210.8

34.239.13.99

35.172.123.110

52.87.7.127

54.80.51.95

Any of these IP addresses may dynamically be selected by the RingCentral SFTP client to connect to an enterprise SFTP server.

TCP\22

3.4 SIP trunks

Table 3.4.1 - SIP Trunks

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Media

RTP

Public IP addresses to be provided by RingCentral during project definition

UDP\1024-65535

Signaling

SIP

UDP\5060

TCP\5061-5065

3.5 Communication integration services

Enterprises can use MVP and RCV Communication Integration Services to develop soft-endpoint communication clients.
 
The next table summarizes the programmatic Communication Integration Services which allow enterprises to build their own soft endpoint clients. These services may need to be whitelisted in a firewall or web proxy:
1. Only the actual set of services that are used must be whitelisted. For example:
    a. If no Integration Services are used, then these domains do not need to be   
        whitelisted.
    b. The Embeddable Application API only needs to be whitelisted if applications
        based on this API are actually implemented.

2. The Integration API Service is the foundation API on which all Communication
    Integration Services rely and must be whitelisted.

3. The Endpoint Registration Service is needed to register all Integration Services
    (WebRTC) endpoints with the RingCentral Cloud Communication Service and,
    therefore, must be whitelisted.

4. The RCV Scheduling Service is used for creating and manipulating RCV
    meetings.

5. The Microsoft Teams (Slack) Integration Service integrates services including 
    MVP and RCV into Teams (Slack).

6. The Platform API can be used to develop applications such as an outbound 
    dialer that are separate from or integrated into existing business applications.
Table 3.5.1 - Communication Integration Services

Purpose

Application Protocol

Domain Name/IP Addresses

Destination Ports

Integration API Service

HTTPS

api-rcapps.ringcentral.biz

api-rcapps.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Endpoint Registration Service

HTTPS

sip*.ringcentral.com

TCP\8083

RCV Scheduling Service

HTTPS

api-meet.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Microsoft Teams Integration Service

HTTPS

teams.ringcentral.com 

TCP\443

Slack Integration Service

HTTPS

slack.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Platform API to Develop
Separate Applications

HTTPS

platform.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

Platform API to Develop Embedded Applications

HTTPS

platform.ringcentral.com

TCP\443

4. DNS

All endpoints and services require Internet-based DNS to function properly. In the case where private DNS is used, it must perform forward-lookups to Internet-based DNS.
 
For example, endpoints rely on a DNS service to resolve the provisioning service domain name (e.g., pp.ringcentral.com).

5. NAT

Network Address Translation/Port Address Translation functionality (generically referred to as NAT) is applied at the border between two networks to translate between address spaces or prevent collision of IP address spaces.
 
For proper operation of hard phones, a minimum Network Address Translation time out needs to be configured. Cisco phones send a follow-up REGISTER refresh message every 4 minutes, Polycom/Poly phones every 5 minutes so that NAT entry expiration timeout must be set to greater than 5 minutes to cover hard phones.

6. Security software

Cloud-based security client software (network firewalls and web proxies) and client-firewall may need to be configured to bypass supernet and other MVP traffic when this interferes with the operation of endpoints.

7. Prioritization of a network connection on MS Windows

For soft-client endpoints with multiple network connections (wired or wireless), it must be ensured that the traffic uses only one connection. Sometimes, the computer is configured to use network connections with equal priority, which causes issues with VoIP and Video calls using soft-clients. The next steps can be executed to ensure a WiFi network connection is used. Similar steps can be executed to prioritize a wired network connection.
  1. At the bottom left of the MS Windows screen, select Start.
  2. Type cmd in the search bar to open a terminal window.
  3. Type route print in the terminal.
 
The output shows the metrics used for different interfaces on the computer. To ensure that traffic passes the WiFI network execute:
  1. At the bottom left of your screen, select Start.
  2. Type Control Panel in the search bar.
  3. Select Network and Internet.
  4. Select View network status and tasks.
  5. Select Change adapter settings.
  6. Select the checked WiFi adapter.
  7. Select Properties by clicking the right mouse button.
  8. Login as Administrator (if needed).
  9. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4).
  10. Select Properties.
  11. Select Advanced.
  12. Uncheck Automatic metric.
  13. Enter 9999 to give the WiFi interface the highest priority.
  14. Select OK.
  15. Type route /f to clear routing table entries.
  16. Reboot so that the new interface priority is activated.
  17. Verify the metric by executing route print in the terminal window.

8. Quality of service guidelines

To ensure that traffic is properly prioritized, the Quality of Service Guidelines must be followed. Otherwise, intermittent call control or media quality issues may be experienced by communication parties.

9. Unsupported devices and configurations

Some types of devices, device settings, and network configurations are not supported/recommended in an MVP communication solution as they are known to cause issues related to endpoint registration, call feature operation, or continuous or intermittent voice or video quality issues (contributing to high latency, packet loss, or jitter).
 
For proper operation of MVP services, the functions listed in Table 9.1 should be disabled on IP devices (Layer 3 switches, routers, firewalls) and Ethernet switches or be avoided. Disabling the mentioned functionality for the IP and higher layers can be limited to the supernets by applying policy-based control. For example, WAN acceleration can be configured to the pass-through mode for UDP traffic originating from and destined to the supernets.
Table 9.1 Functions that may impair SIP signaling and/or RTP media traffic

Layer

Function

Application

• SIP Application Layer Gateway (SIP ALG), also referred to as SIP Transformations

• SIP inspection

• Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)

• Application Layer Access Control

• Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI), also called Dynamic Packet Filtering

• Intrusion Detection/Intrusion Prevention System (IDS/IPS)

• Web Proxy operation

• WAN Acceleration

Transport

• Port filtering

IP

• Packet-by-packet load balancing across multiple Service Providers links

IP & Data Link

• Auto-QoS, when used in combination with Polycom/Poly phones

• Dynamic ARP Inspection

Physical

• Energy Efficient Ethernet (a.k.a. Green Ethernet)

• Satellite (Ethernet over microwave) network connections

Specifically:
  • For some of the functionality mentioned under Application Layer Functions, packet content may traverse a separate processing engine, resulting in the mentioned impairments. The impact may be minimal when using advanced networking devices but could be substantial for SMB and SoHo devices.
  • Enabling SIP ALG may cause signaling issues resulting in non- or partially functioning call features and or one-way or no-audio.
  • SIP Inspection must be disabled since it may cause intermittent call control or media transport issues.
  • IDS/IPS functions may limit packet streams to a specific bandwidth causing intermittent audio issues across multiple calls when the number of calls exceeds a certain volume. WAN accelerators use header compression to reduce bandwidth consumption. For VoIP traffic, this can result in increased jitter.
  • Web proxies typically do not support QoS, so that any VoIP and video traffic passed through it may experience excessive latency and jitter.
  • Port filtering, such as UDP flood protection, may limit bandwidth, causing intermittent voice quality issues when many simultaneous calls occur.
  • Packet-by-packet load balancing across multiple internet connections is not supported because signaling and media for a single session must originate from the same IP address.
  • Use of Auto-QoS may cause voice quality issues (such as distortions or incorrect volume levels) with older Polycom/Poly speakerphones and older versions of desk phones.
  • Green Ethernet is used on switch ports to save energy by automatically setting them into low power mode after they have not passed traffic for some time. This may also cause intermittent signaling and media traffic issues.
  • Satellite connections introduce delays much exceeding 150 ms in each direction and, depending on the quality of the satellite connection, may also cause excessive jitter and packet loss. It depends on end-user expectations whether this is acceptable.
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